The Byzantine Empire and Cartography

Of all the civilizations of the classical world, the Byzantine is probably the least known from the cartographic point of view. The Byzantine state was the richest, the most powerful, and the most civilized in Europe and the Middle East at that time. 1 Although the territorial boundaries of its empire fluctuated,2 there was a continuity in political organization, in cultural influences, and in religion for over a thousand years from A.D. 330, when Constantinople was founded, to the fall of Trebizond in 1461, eight years after the collapse of the capital.
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